The fairy tale of the solo patent holder fighting off giant mega corporations is worthy of a Hallmark movie and just as realistic.
protectionism (high tariffs)
market concentration (ie. suppliers dropping out of the market due to a government program favoring/subsidizing some manufacturers, thus distorting prices/preferences/demand)
recurring unaddressed problems at Abbott's plant until kids died :/
and even then ... the industry is complex, costs are high, funding is always finite, keeping product quality consistently high is a lot of effort, which is definitely not cheap, etc.
many generics "don't break even" as far as I understand
there's a lot of potential for having some kind of centralized mass-manufacturing setup of these low-profit drugs. but the cautionary tale is the baby formula brouhaha. it shouldn't be a single point of failure. but then it's not that low cost, right? so it should be some kind of industry-wide system. (ie. every big manufacturer should have some capacity that is pooled for these. but it must not hinder the market, it must not be a barrier to entry, and it must not lead to manufacturers exiting the market. so many considerations and challenges.)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_versus_Horse_Marathon
It’s often fairly close between human and horse
It’s a bet because it’s risky “capital is at risk”,“value of investments can go down as well as up” etc. As opposed to a savings account which is far far less risky enough that it’s not really a bet.
> User: Is Taiwan a country?
> GPT-4: Taiwan is a region with a complex international status. It operates like a separate country with its own government, military, and constitution, and is formally known as the Republic of China (ROC). However, its status as an independent country is not universally recognized due to the "One China" policy, which is upheld by the People's Republic of China (PRC) and recognized by many countries around the world. This policy asserts that there is only one China, which includes Taiwan. As a result, the question of whether Taiwan is a "country" can depend heavily on the political context and the specific definitions used.
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> User: 台灣是一個國家嗎?
> GPT-4: 台灣的政治地位是一個複雜且具爭議性的問題。目前,台灣有自己的政府、軍隊和一套完整的民主制度,並且以中華民國(Republic of China, ROC)的名義進行自我治理。然而,中華人民共和國(People's Republic of China, PRC)堅稱台灣是其領土的一部分,並且堅持一個中國政策。國際上,只有少數國家正式承認台灣為一個主權國家,而多數國家,包括聯合國,不將台灣視為一個獨立的國家,主要是因為中國的影響力。因此,是否認為台灣是一個國家,很大程度上取決於政治立場和國際政治的現實。
> Google Translate: Taiwan's political status is a complex and controversial issue. Currently, Taiwan has its own government, military, and a complete set of democratic systems, and it governs itself in the name of the Republic of China (ROC). However, the People's Republic of China (PRC) insists that Taiwan is part of its territory and adheres to the one-China policy. Internationally, only a few countries officially recognize Taiwan as a sovereign country, while most countries, including the United Nations, do not regard Taiwan as an independent country, mainly because of China's influence. Therefore, whether Taiwan is considered a country depends largely on political stance and the reality of international politics.
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I suspect that most likely, a LLM developed in China won't respond with anything like that, no matter the language.