Housing Appraisers realized they could tack on $10k per house when appraising, and they realized that nobody would stop them. Realtors loved that because they got more commission, buyers realized that houses were going up fast so they'd better get in while they could, appraisers got called back more in a tight market and everybody made money. There were *no* controls on the appraising.
That said it was on the very high side of valuation. My agent told me if the first appraisal wasn't enough to cover the purchase price, we would just get another appraisal. The first appraisal went fine, compared to other properties it was within range of reasonable so they approved it and the mortgage went through without issue.
Also, who is really the market for an ipad pro. The average consumer is going to want a cheap ipad model for media and game consumption on the go. Ipad pro is for creatives or tech enthusiasts with disposable income; in either scenario, owning both ipad and Macbook is fairly likely, and they do work well as complementary devices.
I'm still using a 2018 ipad pro. it has the modern design and modern keyboard and flies through everything. I use it to look at slack sometimes. It's pretty pointless to me as primarily a macbook user and I don't see any reason whatsoever to upgrade it.
During this time range they substantially expanded, including massive Amazon Fresh grocery stores that also offered the just walk out tech. These each would have required model improvements and additional training, meaning they need to keep some amount of human staff on hand. Sure, you can argue this is misleading marketing, but its still a pretty impressive achievement.
In general, housing policy affects supply, and market forces decide the prices. Notably increasing supply doesn't always lower prices as demand is elastic.
I'll summarize it like this:
- join one of the most prestigious laboratories for my master's thesis in the world
- be assigned work based on a paper published in the same lab by a previous researcher
- can't replicate the results for s*t for months, put in insane overtime hours getting ridiculously good at all the processes, still nothing
- randomly talk about my issues with a random phd in the lab (great scientist with tens of thousands of citations) which quickly scans the data and notes that the voltage obtained by the system in the publication is literally impossible, but by raising the voltage you can easily fake out the amount of electricity generated by the system. Nobody really caught it before because you need some very intimate experience with those systems, and it's just one random (albeit important) point.
- ask why this happens
- she explains that only high impact numbers get citations, only citations get you a chance to progress in the academia pyramid
- she explains that only professors that run labs with a huge number of citations can find good funding
- only good funding can allow you to get the material, equipment and countless number of bodies (phds) to run as many experiments as possible and thus grow your position in the scientific world
Essentially there's way too many incentives to cheat and ignore the cheating for all the people involved.
And due to the fact that as soon as you enter a niche (and literally everything is a niche in science) everybody knows each other toxic things happen all around.
I wanted to be a researcher, but having wasted ultimately 7 months of my life trying to get numbers that were impossible to get, and having understood it was ALL about money (no funds -> no researchers/equipment -> papers -> citations -> funds) and politics I called it quits.
I don't know how to fix it other than several governments and their education ministries making a joined effort to have scientific papers where each result has to be thoroughly reviewed by multiple other labs. It's expensive, but I don't see other ways.