SPEAKE(a)R: Turn Speakers to Microphones for Fun and Profit
It is possible to manipulate the headphones (or earphones) connected to a computer, silently turning them into a pair of eavesdropping microphones - with software alone. The same is also true for some types of loudspeakers. This paper focuses on this threat in a cyber-security context. We present SPEAKE(a)R, a software that can covertly turn the headphones connected to a PC into a microphone. We present technical background and explain why most of PCs and laptops are susceptible to this type of attack. We examine an attack scenario in which malware can use a computer as an eavesdropping device, even when a microphone is not present, muted, taped, or turned off. We measure the signal quality and the effective distance, and survey the defensive countermeasures.
[0] https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.07350Not knowing much about how soundcards work, I imagine it would be feasible to flash some soundcards with custom firmware to use the speaker port for input without the user knowing.
I was learning about Kubernetes at work and it seemed like such a powerful tool, so I had this grand vision of building a little cluster in my laundry room with nodes net booting into Flatcar and running services via k3s. When I started building this, I was horrified by the complexity, so I went the complete opposite direction. I didn't need a cluster, net booting, blue-green deployments, or containers. I landed on NixOS with systemd for everything. Bare git repos over ssh for personal projects. Git server hooks for CI/CD. Email server for phone notifications (upgrade failures, service down, low disk space etc). NixOS nightly upgrades.
I never understood the hate systemd gets, but I also never really took the time to learn it until now, and I really love the simplicity when paired with NixOS. I finally feel like I'm satisfied with the operation and management of my server (aside from a semi frequent kernel panic that I've been struggling to resolve).