Correct, but this doesn’t constitute “fake data”. It could be that amyloid-β is a marker rather than a causative factor. Or it could be that amyloid-β related damage is downstream, and remove amyloid-β after the damage has been done won’t remove the other damage.
It’s too quick to wave away an entire field because a single theory didn’t pan out. Most medical research proceeds with a lot of dead ends before it is figured out.
The problem is viewing individual papers as the unit of truth in science. The "self-correcting" nature of science will actually reject entire papers, and entire directions of inquiry. Including, maybe, a casual relationship between beta amyloid and AD, but maybe not.
The other key part of science is holding everything in a state of uncertainty. There's some "facts" but mostly just hints and clues. And with Alzheimer's disease in particular we are trying to make progress with completely inadequate vision; we really can't even measure so much of what we want to measure. Feynman said it back in the 1960s, too, physicists have failed to deliver the tools to biologists to really measure what needs to be measured. There have been advancements, and DNA sequencing technology in the past decade has been turned into the most clever sorts of information theoretic microscopy by combining DNA sequences with many other biochemical processes. But we as a species still can not measure a lot of the things we'd like to measure.
> Every single disease-modifying trial of Alzheimer’s has failed.
> The huge majority of those have addressed the amyloid hypothesis, of course, from all sorts of angles. Even the truest believers are starting to wonder. Dennis Selkoe’s entire career has been devoted to the subject, and he’s quoted in the Science article as saying that if the trials that are already in progress also fail, then “the A-beta hypothesis is very much under duress”. Yep.
And the original expose is quite interesting if you haven't read it yet https://www.science.org/content/article/potential-fabricatio...
At least this paper tests both cognitive abilities as well as "amyloid-β pathologies." I'm not at all an expert in this field but gold nanoparticles sounds like something you'd see on a late night infomercial, lol.
Courts, especially U.S. District Courts, apply the law as it is, not the law as the FTC chair wishes it to be. If I was a hedge fund manager with a law degree, I would draw the same conclusion, and make similar bets.
Huge fan, can't recommend enough.
Maybe a silly question, but any suggestions on how to find hobbies?