Both are better than C but I’d expect a good programmer to be more productive in Rust and to avoid more logic errors (which may or may not be security issues), not to mention the many problems caused by widely used open-source libraries written during the bad old days which have extensive dependencies and often enable risky behaviors by default. Culture isn’t a core language feature but it matters.
A race condition might, but even then, I'm not sure how likely that is to result in a vulnerability in a garbage collected language.
You can work around it, but it's nice in languages where common text doesn't take double the memory (because of utf8 or compact strings).
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There is also VS Community, which is a free version of VS, has this debugger, but has fairly strict licensing limitations (e.g. it can't be used in corporations).
Mono is a cross-platform (ish) implementation of .NET Framework, but its future is (eventually) to be replaced with the main .NET which is now based on the cross-platform version (.NET 5 and above, which is currently distinguished from Framework by continuing to call it ".NET Core"). Mono and .NET Framework will fade away once Unity gets their act together and moves on from it.
tl;dr: .NET 5 and above are, for all intents and purposes, the only future path for .NET, but we're in a transitionary period right now.
Though most of the time, you don't need to know any of this, you just use .Net and it works on Windows, Linux, Android, Apple and in the browser.
Much more worried about what this is going to do to the FOSS ecosystem. We've already seen a couple maintainers complain and this trend is definitely just going to increase dramatically.
I can see the vision but this is clearly not ready for prime time yet. Especially if done by anonymous drive-by strangers that think they're "helping"