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norrius commented on What is it like to be a thermostat? (1996)   organism.earth/library/do... · Posted by u/theletterf
kragen · 10 months ago
One of the most peculiar facts about conscious beings is the way they invert causality. Normally we think, for example, of a fire under a teakettle as being a cause for the water in the kettle eventually boiling. But if I asked you, "Why is this stove burner on?" it would be entirely normal for you to answer, "I'm making tea." Mystically, the tea that does not yet exist, and will never exist if it turns out we're out of tea leaves, is purportedly causing the water to boil (in the future), which in turn is causing the fire to burn, all through the medium of your conscious intention to make tea. It's really a quite surprising ontological claim, and yet nothing could be more quotidian, at least for those of us in the tea-drinking parts of the world.

I walked to the electronics store yesterday morning and bought some opamps. I find it amusing to think of opamps as bringing intentionality to circuits: they invert causality in precisely the same way as you do when you are making tea. The non-inverting input voltage is the op-amp's intention, the inverting input voltage is its observation which it interprets as a model of the world, and its output current is the behavior it controls according to that model to bring the world into accordance with its intentions.

The op-amp's behavior is only effective if there is a "structural similarity" between the world as the op-amp imagines it and the world as it really is, namely, if spewing out more current on its output will raise its inverting input relative to its non-inverting input, and sucking in more or spewing out less will lower it; we normally call this the negative-feedback condition. An op-amp hooked up backwards so the feedback instead is positive and drives it into overload is, in this analogy, like an insane or otherwise irrational person who keeps taking actions that predictably achieve the opposite of their intention, like posting comments on HN in order to enjoy thoughtful conversation.

When we design analog circuits with op-amps, we do routinely use the same kind of inverted-causality reasoning we use with the tea. Suppose it succeeds at making its inputs equal; what then is the situation that must prevail in the circuit? Oh, Vo = V1 + V2 - V3 - V4. Or Vo = -5Vi. And so it is, at least if the op-amp's feedback is not frustrated, or so effective that it sends the circuit into oscillation.

Op-amps (and thermostats) are clearly doing something that shares important features with human goal-directed activity, to the point that it seems practically useful to ascribe intentions to it, saying "this op-amp wants these currents to be equal" in a way that it isn't useful to say "this weight wants to move downward".

So I wonder what it is like to be an LM324N op-amp. I imagine it to be a very simple sort of existence, if not always a happy one. I prefer to be a human, but, failing that, I'd rather be a bacterium than an op-amp.

So it's amusing to see that Chalmers had the same thought. I wonder if I got it from him through indirect memetic contagion. (Though as far as I can tell he doesn't discuss oscillation, positive feedback runaway, or this peculiar inversion of causality. But I really doubt those are original to me, either.)

norrius · 10 months ago
> But if I asked you, "Why is this stove burner on?" it would be entirely normal for you to answer, "I'm making tea."

This is a confusion specific to the English language, not consciousness in general. Some languages distinguish between the past-oriented cause-why and the future-oriented goal-why explicitly (e.g. Russian: почему vs зачем).

norrius commented on How to see bright, vivid images in your mind’s eye (2016)   photographyinsider.info/i... · Posted by u/kalkr
davidhunter · 2 years ago
Yes. I am like you in that I cannot actually see anything visual in my minds eye but I can still 'visualise' it. For example, I can rotate a die in my minds eye without actually seeing it. It's hard to explain.

It was a revelation when I found out that most people can actually see things visually in their minds eye.

A friend of mine can actually place imagined objects into their field of view, like AR.

norrius · 2 years ago
> I can rotate a die in my minds eye without actually seeing it. It's hard to explain.

I think I'm the same. It's as if I can imagine a geometry, but it doesn't have any texture or colour. It's not black, not grey, not brown... It's a shape in its pure form, maybe like a wireframe, without a physical manifestation.

However, I can imagine music and actually hear it. I had this a couple of times where I "replay" a song in a foreign language I've heard a long time ago, and this time I can parse out more lyrics than before. All inside my head.

norrius commented on An intutive counterexample to the axiom of choice   blog.rongarret.info/2023/... · Posted by u/lisper
Sankozi · 3 years ago
"consider the set of numbers that cannot be described using any finite collection of symbols" - isn't that set empty?

If "numbers" mean "real numbers" then I can describe easily "smallest positive number in the set" and "biggest negative number in the set" - so neither negative, 0 nor positive real numbers might be in the set.

norrius · 3 years ago
What is the "smallest positive number" in the set {x | x in reals and 0 < x < 1}?
norrius commented on Explaining Huffman’s Impossible Pyramid   mathblag.wordpress.com/20... · Posted by u/signa11
jerf · 4 years ago
If my "geometric intuition" is working properly, the "problem" is that the figure in the picture wouldn't meet in a point. There would be a line at the top, and it wouldn't be a pyramid. But there's nothing "impossible" about that. The impossibility simply seems to be an assertion of impossibility.

It feels like it's a problem similar to spending to much time doing "2 + 5 = _" problems and thinking the equality symbol is directional, in this case, spending too much time looking at figures that do meet at a point and thinking that is obligatory for all figures.

norrius · 4 years ago
Sure, if you want to allow non-flat, curved faces, this body is possible. I'd argue this is not in the spirit of the question, similar to the triangle statue mentioned in the article.
norrius commented on HTTP Status 418 – I'm a teapot   developer.mozilla.org/en-... · Posted by u/evo_9
_jal · 4 years ago
A less humorous unusual status code is 451. Unfortunately, it probably should be used more.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_451

norrius · 4 years ago
I come from a country with rather _interesting_ views on what should be allowed online. 451 is used often enough that I've seen it in the wild more than once (and consider yourself lucky if you haven't encountered it...).
norrius commented on The unreasonable effectiveness of just showing up everyday   typesense.org/blog/the-un... · Posted by u/karterk
tharkun__ · 5 years ago
Some of this might be great advice and the reasoning sound. Some of it I can't tell but the thing about water and salt makes me suspicious.

I suppose you mean to add salt after the water boils instead of at the start? Why would the water boil faster without salt with any significance to cooking?

I looked it up again and apparently

    The temperature needed to boil will increase about 0.5 C for every 58 grams of dissolved salt per kilogram of water
One teaspoon of salt is about 6 grams. So let's say 10 teaspoons of salt to increase the boiling point by 0.5C for a liter of water. I guess you will boil about 4 liters or so for your pasta? So 40 teaspoons or about 240g of salt to raise the boiling point by 0.5C.

How long does it take a regular stovetop to heat 4l of 100C water to 100.5C?

The good enough answer to that is that it's not noticeable for you even if you had wasted this much salt on your pasta or potatoes or rice or whatever. Never mind that nobody would/should eat this food any longer as you've just cooked your food in saltier than ocean salinity level water. With the proper amount of salt it would be even less noticeable of a difference. Less time than it takes you to get the salt and put it in.

norrius · 5 years ago
I suspect this is more about giving that almost-boiling water more points where it can break tension and start forming bubbles. So it doesn't make the water reach 100° faster but makes it more visible.
norrius commented on The Norway Problem   hitchdev.com/strictyaml/w... · Posted by u/dedalus
sdfhbdf · 5 years ago
What I am most baffled by with Yaml is the fact that it’s a superset of JSON.

Whenever an input accepts YAML you can actually pass in JSON there and it’ll be valid

It really surprised me when I found out and I use JSON Whenever possible since then since it’s much stricter

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON#YAML

norrius · 5 years ago
> Whenever an input accepts YAML you can actually pass in JSON there and it’ll be valid

...unless your parser strictly implements YAML 1.1, in which case you should be careful to add whitespace around commas (and a few other minor things). This is a valid JSON that some YAML parsers will have problems with:

    {"foo":"bar","\/":10e1}
The very first result Google gives me for "yaml parser" is https://yaml-online-parser.appspot.com, which breaks on the backslash-forward slash sequence.

norrius commented on Periodic table of the web's APIs   wwwperiodictable.surge.sh... · Posted by u/crazypython
norrius · 5 years ago
Does size/shape[1] mean anything? Or is it my punishment for not using Chrome?

[1]: https://i.imgur.com/g8J28D8.jpg

norrius commented on The sparrow with four sexes (2016)   nature.com/news/the-sparr... · Posted by u/0DHm2CxO7Lb3
norrius · 5 years ago
Can someone explain what prevents birds of the same subtype from mating? The article mentions that the chromosome 2 cannot cross over in meiosis, but I just fail to understand the mechanics of the process and how that leads to disassortativity.
norrius commented on Eric Schmidt has applied to become a citizen of Cyprus   vox.com/recode/2020/11/9/... · Posted by u/uptown
jb1991 · 5 years ago
> In fact, the laws are so strict, they make living abroad as an honest middle-class expat a total nightmare. I have friends who cannot find a single bank in their country that will work with them because of the reporting requirements of working with US citizens.

What? This is not true at all. Getting a bank in most other countries is not hard at all and certainly not a "nightmare."

As a U.S. citizen you must still file taxes and an FBAR that merely reports your assets in foreign accounts, but I've never seen a bank have any problems opening an account for an American, in any country.

norrius · 5 years ago
> Getting a bank in most other countries is not hard at all and certainly not a "nightmare."

I don't know about "most" countries, but my American colleagues in Germany and Switzerland complained about the difficulty of doing anything related to finance (banks, brokers, taxes) because of their extra tax liability. I personally had to sign quite a few forms certifying that I am not a US citizen or a greencard holder or in any other way tax liable in the US, so it does seem to be a big deal.

u/norrius

KarmaCake day131June 11, 2015View Original