(If there would be any elements to create a rocky planet from. However the article states they were surprised to detect signs of dust and oxygen already in such an early galaxy.)
The nearest star to us after the Sun is ~4ly away, or ~250k AU. The Sun would have to be ~63 billion times brighter to give the same incident radiation at 250k AU, and that is just a typical distance between stars in our neighborhood . The Sun is also brighter than the average star, especially the older stars that congregate near the galactic center.
Galaxies can easily have 1 trillion stars but they are usually so spread out as to make this impractical. This is also why the Milky Way, Triangulum, LMC, SMC, and Andromeda (nearest galaxies) are so faint to the naked eye.
Also, a huge shame the Overwhelmingly Large Telescope was cancelled. We need more creative names for those.
Unfortunately, nothing can remove the temperature of the atmosphere (which affects infrared imaging), or the absorption of many wavelength bands.