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There is so much context required to interpret this, it really needs to be part of a "Japan Economy" wiki rather than a stand alone article.
But best of luck to Japan. Nobody ever asks for my opinion, but IMO it'd be sensible to let the markets set the interest rate. The evidence that markets are weak at setting interest rates is itself quite flimsy.
It baffles me people are confused about this. Traditional measures of inflation leave out certain costs of living (and borrowing as the author mentions), however, just because inflation is low NOW does not mean the last 1-3 years of it are reversed. Wages are still fairly stagnant compared to inflation, so you can't just point to an inflation graph in 2024 and be like "why are the peasants angry about their bread prices?" yet this is such a common tone-deaf refrain.
Imagine though... an AI startup that just trades goods between AIs. We should actually start firing customers!
Not really. Lying about the source of cashflow doesn't mean the cashflow isn't real.
The end objective for a lot of these frauds isn't to sink the bank with fake loans. It's to launder money.