This happens a lot in medicine due to believing observational data rather than randomized control trials. An entire book was written on Medical Reversal by the person who's now head of CBER at FDA: https://www.amazon.com/Ending-Medical-Reversal-Improving-Out...

The fact that it's rare is scary because people that have evidence or are interested in finding alternative theories are often times ridiculed and have their careers/life ruined.