That's a fascinating claim, and it does not align with my anecdotal experience using the web for many years.
For fuel, Google results were 90% scams, for coffee machines closer to 75% The scams are fairly elaborate: they clone some legitimate looking sites, then offer prices that are very competitive -- between 50% and 75% of market prices -- that put them on top of SEO. It's only by looking in details at contact information that there are some things that look off (one common thing is that they may encourage bank transfers since there's no buyer protection there, but it's not always the case).
A 75% market rate is not crazy "too good to be true" thing, it's in the realm of what a legitimate business can do, and with the prices of the items being in the 1000s, that means any hooked victim is a good catch. A particular example was a website copying the one for a massive discount appliance store chain in the Netherlands. They had a close domain name, even though the website looked different, so any Google search linked it towards the legitimate business.
You really have to apply a high level of scrutiny, or understand that Google is basically a scam registry.
why did you change subject to scams?
I believe that detecting whether an ad is clickbait is a similar problem -- not exactly the same, but it suffers from the same issues:
- it's not well defined at all.
- any heuristic is constantly gamed by bad actors
- it requires a deeper, contextual analysis of the content that is served
- content analysis requires a notion of what is reputable or reasonable
If I take an LLM's definition of "clickbait", I get "sensationalized, misleading, or exaggerated headlines"; so scams would be a subset of it (it is misleading content that you need to click through). They do not provide their definition though.
So you have Google products (both the Products search and the general search) that recommend scams with an incredible rate, where the stakes are much higher. Is it reasonable that they're able to solve the general problem? How can anyone verify such a claim, or trust it?