throwaway_tech (u/throwaway_tech)

throwaway_tech commented on The Warby Parker clones are imploding marker.medium.com/why-all... · Posted by u/hhs

dublinben · 6 years ago

>“Buy mattress at $400. Sell at $1,000. Refund/return 20% of them. Keep $400, on avg. Then spend $290 of that on ads/marketing and $270 on admin (finance, HR, IT). Lose $160. Repeat.”

The unit economics of most of these companies just don't add up.

throwaway_tech · 6 years ago

>The unit economics of most of these companies just don't add up.

VCs have been playing the loss leader game...thats why the metrics always go to growth. Hey we grew x% this week/month/year, they never mention how the "growth" simultaneously leads to bigger losses. Instead its always, we can turn off the growth whenever we want and then is pure profit.

It seems like it makes no sense and this could never work, but they don't need to make a profit, they just need big growth numbers, a cult like buy in of the brand, and then unload it on the public while cashing out.

throwaway_tech commented on Trading halted as U.S. stocks plummet axios.com/stocks-plunge-o... · Posted by u/batmenace

arcticbull · 6 years ago

> I don't disagree, but my point is S.Korea is not just testing they are treating...

There aren't really any treatments broadly available. They're holing people up in hospital beds and providing supportive care if needed. There's a few antiviral treatments in the pipeline.

throwaway_tech · 6 years ago

>They're holing people up in hospital beds and providing supportive care if needed.

That is pretty important for people at risk. Consider lack of supportive care is what leads to most preventable deaths from regular flu progressing to other issues that will result in death, not the flu itself. For example dehydration and lung infections can be monitored and treated.

throwaway_tech commented on Trading halted as U.S. stocks plummet axios.com/stocks-plunge-o... · Posted by u/batmenace

arcticbull · 6 years ago

Part of the reason their numbers are so low is because they're testing, which is revealing the stacks upon stacks of asymptomatic cases or cases which lead to the sniffles. That's why we know the actual mortality rates are so much lower than the media is screaming breathlessly about.

Think about it: not a single story about the myriad people who've recovered completely, right? There've been 114,000 documented cases so far and 66,000 have recovered. The number of active/unresolved cases remains well below its peak.

throwaway_tech · 6 years ago

>Part of the reason their numbers are so low is because they're testing, which is revealing the stacks upon stacks of asymptomatic cases or cases which lead to the sniffles.

I don't disagree, but my point is S.Korea is not just testing they are treating...if they were not treating presumably the mortality rates would increase. In other words whereas you suggest testing is proving the mortality rate is low, who many of those who tested positive received treatment? and further, got better because of treatment?

Testing is the key to treatment and minimizing mortality rates, other countries are failing on the testing, so it can be presumed they are also failing to treat (how can you treat when people aren't being tested).

throwaway_tech commented on Trading halted as U.S. stocks plummet axios.com/stocks-plunge-o... · Posted by u/batmenace

arcticbull · 6 years ago

2% of humanity is absolutely, in no way, shape or form about to die. The Korean numbers are approaching 0.5% case fatality rate, and those numbers continue to fall. It's about the same as the flu, and no, the flu isn't killing 2% of humanity either. Y'all need to settle down and get back to work.

throwaway_tech · 6 years ago

Why use S.Korea's numbers? Haven't they lead the best response in terms of testing and don't they have universal healthcare? It seems to me fatality rates would likely be higher in countries that: 1) aren't testing so aggressively and 2) don't have universal access to care.

Maybe I am wrong though and there is good reason to believe S.Korea is the best example right now to use as a statistics model to apply across the entire world.

throwaway_tech commented on Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain news.stonybrook.edu/newsr... · Posted by u/rajnathani

teilo · 6 years ago

GNG increases when in ketosis, but is still capped because ketones regulate the GNG process. That is the effect which was observed here. It says it right there in the synopsis:

"Glucose concentration was lower (4·09 (sem 0·10) v. 4·89 (sem 0·06) mmol/l, P < 0·001) and β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was higher (1349 (sem 139) v. 234 (sem 25) μmol/l, P < 0·001) after the high-protein compared with the normal-protein diet."

β-hydroxybutyrate is a ketone body.

Note that this contradicts your statements that GNG will kick you out of ketosis. It absolutely will not.

To repeat: GNG is constant, regulated by ketones, and its relative level is not driven by protein demand, but by glucose depletion.

throwaway_tech · 6 years ago

>Note that this contradicts your statements that GNG will kick you out of ketosis. It absolutely will not.

Its really simple, eat nothing but chicken and/or turkey (high protein, low fat, no carb). You will not become keto adapted or fat adapted.

Alternatively enter into nutritional (dietary) ketosis with a high fat diet, then switch to chicken and/or turkey only (high protein, low fat, no carb) you will not remain in ketosis.

Do you disagree with that? Have you seen any study that shows fat/protein ratios are immaterial to nutritional ketosis?

throwaway_tech commented on Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain news.stonybrook.edu/newsr... · Posted by u/rajnathani

bad_user · 6 years ago

> There is plenty of work showing that physical endurance increases after extended periods on keto

Not really.

Yes, athletes do suffer an adaptation, but it's basically about returning to near baseline levels (i.e. from sucking badly to sucking less). And as a matter of fact, the peak performance never recovers to full capacity ;-)

Here's a list of studies on this subject — all of them showing a dicrease in performance:

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2279002/

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14967870

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113752/

There's also this one that shows no difference in endurance performance at low/moderate intensity, a far cry from your claim:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6865776

And endurance exercise could see a benefit in some circumstances, although this is highly debatable, however also in athletes a keto diet can lead to lean mass being lost:

https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/master201019/109/

throwaway_tech · 6 years ago

>Yes, athletes do suffer an adaptation

You admit and acknowledge an "adaptation" in this comment, but in another reply to me where I talk out the keto adaptation, you replied:

>everything you're saying is a complete myth. Define what it means for the cells to adapt for "running on ketones". There's no such thing.

As previously provided:

A ketogenic diet (KD) involves using fat, a high-density substrate, as the main source in daily calorie intake while restricting carbohydrate intake [21,22]. In this way, the liver is forced to produce and release ketone bodies into the circulation [23,24,25,26]. This phenomenon is called nutritional ketosis [27,28,29]. Over time, the body will acclimate to using ketone bodies as a primary fuel, which is called keto-adaptation, an element of fat-adaptation [30,31,32]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6410243/

>Several days of dietary carbohydrate restriction to levels < 40–50 g/day, with moderate protein, results in increased circulating beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) by an order of magnitude. When maintained for several consecutive weeks, the metabolic state of ‘nutritional ketosis’ awakens a dormant set of genes and metabolic programs that counteract insulin resistance and manifest in several positive health outcomes. This process, referred to as ‘keto-adaptation’, is characterized by accelerated rates of whole body fatty acid oxidation, while glycolysis, insulin concentrations, insulin receptor activation and signaling, constitutive inflammation and oxidative stress are all decreased. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S24682....

>Here's a list of studies on this subject — all of them showing a dicrease in performance:

I think most agree for high level athletes in anaerobic sports ketosis isn't going to be the best diet for athletic performance, but these studies don't really support what you claim

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2279002/

>In conclusion, in this study we have demonstrated that VLDL-TG made a significant contribution to fuel utilization during exercise after adaptation to a fat-rich diet. The increased total fat oxidation observed after fat diet adaptation originated from both a higher plasma FA oxidation and utilization of VLDL-TG, and thus circulating VLDL-TG should be included among the lipid fuels that may be utilized during exercise.

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14967870

>Adaptation to a 6-week HFMP diet in non-highly trained men resulted in increased fat oxidation during exercise and small decrements in peak power output and endurance performance.

- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4113752/

This is the most supportive of your position, but it still acknowledges the benefits of ketosis

>It can be concluded that long-term, high fat diets may be favorable for aerobic endurance athletes, during the preparatory season, when a high volume and low to moderate intensity of training loads predominate in the training process. High volume training on a ketogenic diet increases fat metabolism during exercise, reduces body mass and fat content and decreases post exercise muscle damage.

throwaway_tech commented on Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain news.stonybrook.edu/newsr... · Posted by u/rajnathani

teilo · 6 years ago

> If you over consume fat or carbs, they get stored as fat in fat cells. What happens when you over consume protein? Protein can not be stored as fat, it must first be converted to glucose, which the body will try to burn before it is stored in fat cells.

No, this is wrong. GNG is capped in the body, i.e., strictly regulated. It does not increase based upon protein intake beyond that cap. Excess protein is neither converted to glucose, nor excreted. It is utilized in protein synthesis and increases lean body mass.

This has been demonstrated in a number of studies. For example, in Bray GA, JAMA 2012, subjects were fed an excess of 1000kcal over their their maintenance calorie needs for 8 weeks. There were three groups: low, moderate, and high protein. Carbs were constant. Fat made up the difference in caloric content, such that the high-protein group (230g a day) received the lowest fat intake. All three groups gained similar amounts of fat over those 8 weeks, with the high protein group gaining slightly less fat. But the medium and high-protein groups gained lean body mass to make up the difference.

So in short, excess protein is not converted to fat via GNG, but is used for protein synthesis, and increases lean body mass.

> This is why a high protein to fat ratio carnivore diet will prohibit ketosis or kick one out of ketosis, unlike a high fat to protein carnivore diet.

This absolutely does not happen, and I have the blood tests to prove it.

throwaway_tech · 6 years ago

>excess protein is not converted to fat via GNG, but is used for protein synthesis, and increases lean body mass.

>In conclusion, after a high-protein diet, GNG was increased... https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/british-journal-of-n...

throwaway_tech commented on Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain news.stonybrook.edu/newsr... · Posted by u/rajnathani

bad_user · 6 years ago

Yes, everything you're saying is a complete myth. Define what it means for the cells to adapt for "running on ketones".

There's no such thing.

> "I would be surprised to learn you engage in lets say an hour of cardio 4-5 times a week"

I ride my bike or walk to/from work about 10 Km every day and I do weight training 3 times per week, which puts me in the moderately active category.

throwaway_tech · 6 years ago

>Yes, everything you're saying is a complete myth. Define what it means for the cells to adapt for "running on ketones".

>A ketogenic diet (KD) involves using fat, a high-density substrate, as the main source in daily calorie intake while restricting carbohydrate intake [21,22]. In this way, the liver is forced to produce and release ketone bodies into the circulation [23,24,25,26]. This phenomenon is called nutritional ketosis [27,28,29]. Over time, the body will acclimate to using ketone bodies as a primary fuel, which is called keto-adaptation, an element of fat-adaptation [30,31,32]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6410243/

emphasis added citing the following study:

>Several days of dietary carbohydrate restriction to levels < 40–50 g/day, with moderate protein, results in increased circulating beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) by an order of magnitude. When maintained for several consecutive weeks, the metabolic state of ‘nutritional ketosis’ awakens a dormant set of genes and metabolic programs that counteract insulin resistance and manifest in several positive health outcomes. This process, referred to as ‘keto-adaptation’, is characterized by accelerated rates of whole body fatty acid oxidation, while glycolysis, insulin concentrations, insulin receptor activation and signaling, constitutive inflammation and oxidative stress are all decreased. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S24682...

throwaway_tech commented on Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain news.stonybrook.edu/newsr... · Posted by u/rajnathani

teilo · 6 years ago

It is true that ketosis is more than low carb, but Gluconeogensis has absolutely nothing to do with it. There is a lot of wrong information out there about GNG.

GNG is an on-demand production of glucose, and absolutely does NOT kick the body out of ketosis, or cause the brain to run on glucose. GNG provides enough glucose for the tissues that cannot run on ketones (such as the kidneys). Without GNG, ketosis would not be possible. In fact, ketones regulate GNG, and prevent it from exceeding the needed maintenance levels.

Furthermore, GNG runs at mostly a constant level, does not increase with protein intake, and is at that constant level even when the body is not in ketosis.

What prevent ketosis in stubborn cases? Insulin resistance. To overcome insulin resistance it takes a strict low-carb regime paired with moderate fat intake, and lowering of stress. The process can be dramatically sped up with intermittent fasting.

throwaway_tech · 6 years ago

>GNG is an on-demand production of glucose, and absolutely does NOT kick the body out of ketosis, or cause the brain to run on glucose.

I never said GNG kicks people out of ketosis, I said protein to fat ratios will prohibit ketosis. Yes, in ketosis your body continues to produce minimal amounts of glucose, I never said anything to the contrary.

However, GNG has a lot to do with ketosis vis-a-vis protein to fat ratios, protein to fat intake can not be to high or it will kick you out of ketosis because of GNG

>Furthermore, GNG runs at mostly a constant level, does not increase with protein intake, and is at that constant level even when the body is not in ketosis.

If you over consume fat or carbs, they get stored as fat in fat cells. What happens when you over consume protein? Protein can not be stored as fat, it must first be converted to glucose, which the body will try to burn before it is stored in fat cells. This is why a high protein to fat ratio carnivore diet will prohibit ketosis or kick one out of ketosis, unlike a high fat to protein carnivore diet (again I never said the body stops producing glucose from protein in that situation, but the glucose production is minimal in ketosis because of the ratios and ketones remain the primary fuel source).

>To overcome insulin resistance it takes a strict low-carb regime paired with moderate fat intake, and lowering of stress.

While generally true and correct, I can even come up with examples where this breaks down...whey oxalate being a perfect example. Whey oxalate will typically have 25g of protein and may have as low as 1 gram of carbs, but Whey oxalate will spike insulin in most people and throw most people out of ketosis.

throwaway_tech commented on Study: Low Carb Diet May Prevent, Reverse Age-Related Effects Within the Brain news.stonybrook.edu/newsr... · Posted by u/rajnathani

bad_user · 6 years ago

> If you have never entered ketosis and experienced your brain running on ketones, I would suggest you experiment for yourself. I would say a minimum 2-3 months which should be enough time for your microbiome to change and your body/brain to adapt primarily running on ketones.

I've been on Keto for about 8 months (before giving up), measuring my blood ketones and being in deep ketosis between meals (over 2 mmol/L). I've also seen values going over 4 mmol/L.

In spite of popular belief, nothing happens, there's no magic at the end of that rainbow for most people. If you felt anything different, there's a high likelihood it was just self suggestion, aka placebo.

Also most people are in ketosis before eating breakfast in the morning, because the liver's glycogen is partially depleted overnight, enough for the liver to produce significant ketones. And nothing will make you enter ketosis faster like skipping a meal or two (aka starvation ketosis). People with a healthy metabolism cycle in and out of ketosis all the time.

Also the idea that your microbiome has to change and your body/brain to adapt for you to feel any better and that it takes months ... is a complete myth. Your body takes only mere days to adjust to any dietary strategy. Also the dreaded keto flu is just dehydration from all the lost glycogen, which pulls a lot of water on its way out.

throwaway_tech · 6 years ago

>Also most people are in ketosis before eating breakfast in the morning, because the liver's glycogen is partially depleted overnight

This is true...but it gets to my point, just because your body begins breaking down fat and producing ketones (as shown in your tests) does not mean your cells have adapted to using ketones as fuel, that requires the body to adapt.

Based on your numbers you were clearly breaking down fat and making ketones, but based on your not feeling any different I'd say your cells never adapted to ketones as the primary fuel source. This is the same for people depleting their glucose stores over night, yes they are in "ketosis", meaning they are breaking down fat and producing ketones, but that does not mean their cells are efficiently running on ketones.

My guess with you, not knowing more, is you are pretty inactive. At least I would be surprised to learn you engage in lets say an hour of cardio 4-5 times a week. I am not saying keto is the end all be all, or that everyone prefers it, but I have not met anyone who does aerobic cardio and experimented with Ketosis and not experienced a different (again good or bad). On the other hand I have met many people who tried Keto and never noticed any difference, like you describe, and the commonality seems to be they were inactive.