the US is not a democracy.
Also, it is not a "repeat of old patterns" but continuation of things that have never been solved.
Since when? You probably think that it has been a democracy at some point. And I'm sure the US did use torture at the time you deemed it a democracy.
Hence I don't get your point.
There is not a desktop/mobile distinction in terminology other than the one you're attempting to enforce.
I still don't think most people would call Excel or Photoshop "apps", but I'm absorbing the points of view expressed in the replies to my comment.
I think you should call it "application" to avoid confusion. Windows application would be even clearer.
You could partially mitigate such a weakness by including "not valid before" and "not valid after" timestamps in the certificates, which would have to be short-lived. Passports would then verify that the timestamp supplied by the terminal is in the correct range, as well as that it is greater than any previous timestamp this passport has ever recorded.
Or maybe that it doesn't make that much sense to look for a most important program.