There are some non-ML based approaches for ultra low field MRI that are starting to work: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1m7K1W--UOUecDPlm7KqFYzfkoew... . You can still add AI on top of course, but at least you get a better signal to noise ratio to start with!
Readit Newsrhindi commented on Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging at 0.05 Tesla science.org/doi/10.1126/s... · Posted by u/Jimega36
rhindi commented on Cryptographers solve decades-old privacy problem nautil.us/cryptographers-... · Posted by u/Brajeshwar
How efficient is it now? The last time I checked, FHE required minutes of computation and gigabytes of memory to store tiny amounts of data, and since it does not hold IND-CCA, I could not find any use cases.
FHE in general is efficient enough for many applications now. You can see some benchmarks here: https://docs.zama.ai/tfhe-rs/getting-started/benchmarks
rhindi commented on Concrete: A fully homomorphic encryption compiler zama.ai/post/zama-concret... · Posted by u/zacchj
Ah I should have been a bit more clear. I'm interested in how FHE actually works and the steps needed to transform general computation to its FHE equivalent.
We are planning several other blog posts to explain all the details.
In the meantime if you want a good introduction to the FHE scheme we use behind the scene, you can take a look here: https://www.zama.ai/post/tfhe-deep-dive-part-1
rhindi commented on The Rise of Fully Homomorphic Encryption queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?... · Posted by u/yarapavan
I think the killer app for FHE is an Ethereum-esque Globally distributed VM (yes eye-roll I hate Crypto/Blockchain nonsense as well). To me that was always the big interesting concept behind Ethereum, running some sort of code with persistent state. Obviously no free lunches so we gotta pay for that somehow to incentivize people to pay for power on computing equipment they aren't personally utilizing. But somehow "crypto" got caught on the literally first example of a distributed systems correctness: debit/credit of synchronized accounts.
I feel FHE combined with slightly cheaper cost might enable things like community run server-less apps that have user state stored and processed by untrusted nodes with persistent state stored and accessible only by the data-owner. E.g. a simple excel-esque web app which only serves the UI while State and calculations are running on this hypothetical system at no cost to the apps creator with me paying only for exclusively my usage. They provide the code but no one but me can extract my data and the results of any computations, and for the privilege I pay the system.
I miss the days of upload and forget software that just relies on client resources and so require little upfront investment from developers, I feel FHE plus distributed computing could enable this.
I am aware "Web3" claims to want this future as a concept but the cost and utter lack of confidentiality (I can observe all data to and from a contract as well as the sender/receivers identity) makes it a super-niche borderline useless VM. For distributed governance sure, it's a public ballot box (the preface to the first distributed systems example, a single account with credits), but for any application/user data absolutely unacceptable.
Multiple teams are working on FHE smart contracts, including us, so it’s definitely happening. Adding ZK to the mix would be awesome for scalability and indeed to avoid replicating the FHE computation
rhindi commented on The Rise of Fully Homomorphic Encryption queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?... · Posted by u/yarapavan
Fwiw we have at least some reason to hope in this general context that between clever systems work and tightening theoretical bounds via additional assumptions and clever reasoning we might get to practical implementations for some applications.
As (maybe weak) evidence the progress on practical implementations of PCPs/SNARGs
It’s much much faster now, and performance is improving 10x every couple of year. With the current trend, FHE will be applicable to 80% of usecases by 2025
Zama uses TFHE, which allows any operation (eg comparisons) with unlimited depth.
So if you only need add/mul, BFV, BGV and CKKS are good options. For anything else, you better use TFHE