Despite that, cheaper is better.
So why not automate the attachment of images to concentrate on the more important tasks? I hope the code will be available soon!
CUDA is not an industry standard. Vulcan is an industry standard. They did not bypass CUDA... that's like saying if I use Vulcan I'm bypassing OpenGL. PTX is an alternative low level API provided by Nvidia because of how awful CUDA is for high performance code.
What DeepSeek wrote could only have either been written in PTX or Vulcan.
Any other company could have done this, and low latency traders on Wall Street that use Nvidia write their stuff in PTX for obvious reasons.
OpenAI, was, is, and always will be, absolutely incompetent when it comes to using their hardware effectively... and they're no different than any other company. Reading is not a goddamned super power! Just read the docs!