I think a lot of these sorts of articles discount the idea that your goals and the company's will frequently align. For example, if you're being harassed, it's very often in the company's interest to stop that happening. It will cause you and perhaps more people to quit if they don't, and there might be legal risk. If you're productive and impactful, it's often in their interest to help you with career goals.
Things get muddy when you e.g. have a problem with your manager, or folks above you. Then HR has to determine which side to back based on what they feel is most helpful to the company's goals, or what is less risky. But even then, consider that they might want to avoid bad press, lawsuits, etc. If the situation is bad for you, it could be bad for the company too, but it's worth thinking about deeply before going to HR.
Lawsuits and bad press.
Dubious.