> It's actually insane the levels of understanding the algorithms that are responsible for serving us information have and how little we, the creators of said algorithms, understand what's going on in said algorithms.

Keyboard layout mismatches are common enough that I assume Google has a layout detection stage hardcoded just like they have typo correction hardcoded. And the creators of said algorithms probably understand very well how they work. (The naïve way would be to convert from every possible layout to every other layout, but I think you could build something more lightweight using Hidden Markov Models.)