CORS is a lot less strict around GET as it is supposed to be safe.
CORS prevents reading from a resource, not from sending the request.
If you find that surprising, think about that the JS could also have for example created a form with the vote page as the target and clicked on the submit button. All completely unrelated to CORS.
See this post for example:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22761897
Quotes:
"Voting ring detection has been one of HN's priorities for over 12 years"
"I've personally spent hundreds of hours working on this"