Has anyone found the source for that 20%? Here's a paper I found:
> Between 1848 and 1854, railroad investment, in these and in preceding years, contributed to 4.31% of GDP. Overall, the 1850s are the period in which railroad investment had the most substantial contribution to economic conditions, 2.93% of GDP, relative to 2.51% during the 1840s and 2.49% during the 1830s, driven by the much larger investment volumes during the period.
https://economics.wm.edu/wp/cwm_wp153.pdf
The first sentence isn't clear to me. Is 4.31 > 2.93 because the average was higher from 1848-1854 than from 1850-1859, or because the "preceding years" part means they lumped earlier investment into the former range so it's not actually an average? Regardless, we're nowhere near 20%.
I'm wondering if the claim was actually something like "total investment over x years was 20% of GDP for one year". For example, a paper about the UK says:
> At that time, £170 million was close to 20% of GDP, and most of it was spent in about four years.
https://www-users.cse.umn.edu/~odlyzko/doc/mania18.pdf
That would be more believable, but the comparison with AI spending in a single year would not be meaningful.
At this rate, I hope we get something useful, public, and reasonably priced infrastructure out of these spending in about 5-8 years just like the railroads.
Sucks, but that's the reality of hiring (and getting hired) in tech in general.
OP still has a chance now, maybe not anthropic, even other competitors can come knocking.
Cloudflare domain, compute, db
Apple 50GB Storage
Google One Premium Family (Storage only, not AI)
Youtube Premium
PS Plus
Cancelled:
Spotify (youtube music is better for my needs)
Google AI
Fantastical - I came full circle to Google Calendar
I've bought quite a few useful mac and ios apps on one time payment. I'm interested in rsync.net and maybe setup a self hosting with my friends and family.
The core premise is based on real, cutting-edge physics research, though it's still an active area of debate.
The Page-Wootters mechanism (proposed in 1983, experimentally validated by Moreva et al. in 2013-2015) does show that time can emerge from quantum entanglement between subsystems. In their experiments, time exists for observers inside entangled quantum systems but not for external observers viewing the whole system.
The Wheeler-DeWitt equation really does lack a time parameter, creating what physicists call the "Problem of Time" in quantum gravity. And there is genuine convergence across string theory, loop quantum gravity, and causal set theory toward "emergent spacetime" models.
However, this doesn't mean time is "fake", it suggests time might be like temperature, which is real and measurable but emerges from more fundamental processes (molecular motion). The research indicates time could emerge from quantum information rather than being a fundamental dimension.
The 2023-2025 research I mentioned (cosmological time dilation measurements, atomic clock advances) is real, though the interpretation that "consciousness creates time" is more speculative than the underlying quantum mechanics. So yes, "emergent time" is a serious scientific hypothesis with experimental support, but science is still figuring out exactly what that means for our understanding of reality.
Thank you, I felt both my intelligent and comic parts of the brain were hanging out in a bar.
Now that everyone has access to Claude and claude-code, Copilot barely gets mentioned anymore. Maybe this wave dies down or they improve it, anyway these tools still have a long long way to go.
Maybe I need to do more homework on LLMs in general.