2. I don't think "top publications" like found in http://csrankings.org/ turn down submissions because it's from an independent author. Instead, it would be harder because you are working alone. Now, you need more time, nobody is steering or affecting your opinions what is currently relevant, and nobody is giving you a fresh pair of eyes to identify your own biases. That's hard.
Almost all publications provide guidelines for authors, and most editors will be happy to answer questions on the submission criteria.
Speaking as a reviewer: the most important things, above everything else, are always (1) the quality of the science, and (2) the clarity of the presentation. If you get those right, you will have little problem publishing.
If you'd like any feedback, feel free to send me an email. My address is in my profile.
I feel dirty for even saying this but the best way to get your work published in a good journal is to let a member of said clique, typically a professor with a good amount of publications on the topic, piggy-back on your article. Their presence on the author-list will lend credence to your work.
If you choose not to go the above route, and power to you for not playing their game, things get tricky. You can try applying to some well-known conferences and best-case you can get your work presented and published as proceedings (very common in the IEEE world). Depending on the topic you can try and submit to a decent journal with a strong impact-factor but depending on the editor you may not even get to the review process.
Lastly, it's mentioned elsewhere here, do not publish to rando journals that expect a fee. Even if your work is fantastic publishing in one of those will cast doubt on every single one of your words cause they're seen as completely predatory and lacking in credibility.
It looks like registering for Arxiv involves naming your institution but it is not described as a strict requirement. Why not give it a shot? Take a direct approach. Try to mimic the tone they are used to and be respectful, acting like you belong can go a long way. I imagine that existing work would be valued over soft qualifications. If you have work that belongs there I can’t see why they would turn you away. Try the same thing with other publishers that interest you.
Since we are talking history - with some search - I found out that Person1 has recently put out a #metoo experience and called out some incidents at Caltech. Don't you think there's not even a little bias here against every possible "person2" who happened to be a male and just gave a technical feedback? Not like that's an invalid statement. He does have valid points in what he said(just the way he said it might not have been ideal). But it escalated very quickly!