Cycling in Japan is really interesting. The rules say cycle on the road, following traffic rules, helmets are compulsory.

The average cyclist doesn't wear a helmet, cycles on the pavement and will probably cycle on the incorrect side of the road fairly frequently. Cyclists also routinely ignore stop signs, traffic lights and crossings. I'm over a decade in the road I have only ever seen a cyclist use a hand signal once

Part of the problem is cyclists get almost no infrastructure, while cars get multiple lanes.

Not sure how common that is in other jurisdictions, but I think it's not unheard of in many countries.