If there are plants (there is a patent and a paper describing this in some algae, IDK if it has been replicated or not...) that have preferences (kinetic isotope effect!) for one isotope of uranium over the other you could technically have a uranium enrichment plant made from uranium enrichment...plants.
"By following the fractionation of 233U, 235U, 236U and 238U during the enzymatic reduction of hexavalent U to tetravalent U by the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis, we provide the first direct evidence of the nuclear field shift effect during biologically controlled kinetic isotope fractionation."
It's not like you can just buy some uranium to experiment with in your home lab, so even if a normie had this idea they would probably not be able to test it in any way.
Isn't this absurd? At a glance, shouldn't it take acres and acres being cared for for months to, then some processing, to extract the same nickel as a mine in a day, maybe a week?
Are the nickel mines dry?
Anyone has a breakdown of the math?
Edit1:
"But while the idea is still at a nebulous stage, there is considerable potential.
“In soil that contains roughly 5 percent nickel—that is pretty contaminated—you’re going to get an ash that’s about 25 to 50 percent nickel after you burn it down,” Dave McNear, a biogeochemist at the University of Kentucky, told Wired.
“In comparison, where you mine it from the ground, from rock, that has about .02 percent nickel. So you are several orders of magnitude greater in enrichment, and it has far less impurities.”"
I know there's impressively little metal in most metal ores mined today. It's actually kind of amazing how comparatively cheap metals like copper are, considering they move and crush maybe 1000 or 10000 kgs of rock for every kg of metal (the mine waste isn't pleasant to think about either).
I guess that in contaminated soil, waste ash ponds etc. the metal is in forms which are harder to extract or separate. Because from just weight ratio, it's hard to understand how rock is better.
I think this is an offshoot of rather successful research into phytoremediation, which is using plants to extract harmful things (e.g. lead) from the soil.
I don't think you would want any toxic metals in fuel given the risk of sending it into the air. There are probably real industrial uses, though, like reagents for labs.
Even when plants don't extract significant amounts of material, they can be useful in detecting sources. A paper about using synchrotron analyses to detect gold in eucalyptus comes to mind.
I am ignorant about agricultural research budgets, but $10M does not seem like a very serious amount to prove the basic concept and, much more importantly, the viability of scaling an industrial process. This is interesting, but I am guessing this is perceived by the program managers as a total moonshot.
They remediate certain superfund sites with spinach leaves iirc. And I think it’s bacteria that make nutrients from inorganic sources available for the rest of us (ie rocks).
As for budget, 10M seems pretty great for what reads as a “proof of concept” level effort. You can buy a farm for ~1M and 9M left over. (They won’t do that I imagine but just to illustrate.)
The land would be the easy part. Hiring a PI, a team of subject matter experts on botany, metallurgy, and genetics, a few skilled lab technicians, a couple programmers or statisticians, an environmental compliance expert, and whoever else I forgot, probably costs more than $1M/yr and ideally there would be more than a single team. I have no idea what reagents and bespoke GMO plants cost, but it can't be cheap.
My brother told me about these plants. He said that mines would plant them after they've already mined out as much of the ore as possible. They're really good at getting out that last little bit but they're not the first thing to reach for from a mining perspective.
And specifically, Brassica oleracea shows up against lead, though no amount is given in that table. The referenced webpage [1] mentions 0.1% to 3% (!) of dry weight, though that's in relation to hyperaccumulators generally.
This article [2] gives an indication of what high concentrations may look like in Brassica oleracea, though I still don't have much idea of what those numbers mean to a human being eating the plant. Considerably less than the 10,000+ mg/kg seen in other plants, thankfully.
There was a story in a Donald Duck comic, i read as a kid, where Dagobert extracted Gold with the help of a "Gold Flower" in a piece of land, where the gold concentration was to low for manual mining.
Always thought, and got reassured through a study a few years ago about plants that genetically adapted to otherwise toxic amounts of nickel in rainforest areas (linked on HN), that this could be a way to extract minerals in a future more slowed down and sustainable utopian society.
Also really interesting are ways to detox soils through plants. Unfortunately, a local pioneer project for extracting industrial contamination, and than making biogas from the plants, was stopped, because it was just cost covering but not really creating monetary profit.
A sad example of, how shortsighted the instant profit capitalism will act, if longterm effects are not integrated into the equation through regulations.
But what to expect from a species that puts great effort into spreading cultivation of seedless wine grapes, just to realize that grapeseeds have live prolonging effects. ; )
I remember one of my teachers about 35 years ago telling us about a specific fern that concentrated gold in its roots. I can't remember the name of it but I'd recognise it by sight. It was interesting because as an organism it's virtually unchanged in appearance since examples of it were laid down in the coal layers. So it's not an unlikely story at all.
A flash of memory immediately after hitting reply and a quick google brings me to https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/037567... - looks like gold accumulation is a myth, but it tends to accumulate arsenic which can be an indicator for the presence of gold.
In an article(book maybe) about George Washington Carver [0], they mentioned how how recommended planting cowpeas as they are able to extract nitrogen from the air and put it back into the soil. This helped increase cotton yields when the cotton was planted in the same field after the cowpeas had been harvested.
As a side note, the Haber Process [1] was the industrial version of this and all of the preceding points, if not phytomining per se, feel very similar.
Readit News
https://www.geochemicalperspectivesletters.org/article2333/ - "Contribution of the nuclear field shift to kinetic uranium isotope fractionation", Geochemical Perspectives Letters v27
"By following the fractionation of 233U, 235U, 236U and 238U during the enzymatic reduction of hexavalent U to tetravalent U by the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis, we provide the first direct evidence of the nuclear field shift effect during biologically controlled kinetic isotope fractionation."
Are the nickel mines dry?
Anyone has a breakdown of the math?
Edit1:
"But while the idea is still at a nebulous stage, there is considerable potential.
“In soil that contains roughly 5 percent nickel—that is pretty contaminated—you’re going to get an ash that’s about 25 to 50 percent nickel after you burn it down,” Dave McNear, a biogeochemist at the University of Kentucky, told Wired.
“In comparison, where you mine it from the ground, from rock, that has about .02 percent nickel. So you are several orders of magnitude greater in enrichment, and it has far less impurities.”"
From :https://singularityhub.com/2024/03/28/these-plants-could-min...
I guess that in contaminated soil, waste ash ponds etc. the metal is in forms which are harder to extract or separate. Because from just weight ratio, it's hard to understand how rock is better.
This is more or less what I visualize if I get weary of recycling bits of metal (bottle caps, aluminum foil, ...).
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms3614
https://news.mit.edu/2016/nanobionic-spinach-plants-detect-e...
> gold particles in Eucalyptus leaves and their relevance to exploration for buried gold deposits
Would love any other recs like this.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121211095007.h...
( Also used in parts of Africa)
As for budget, 10M seems pretty great for what reads as a “proof of concept” level effort. You can buy a farm for ~1M and 9M left over. (They won’t do that I imagine but just to illustrate.)
Turns out 29 of the top 30 are "oops, all Brassica" :-)
Edit: sorry that table is only for Nickel, but Brassica shows up against lead too https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hyperaccumulators
This article [2] gives an indication of what high concentrations may look like in Brassica oleracea, though I still don't have much idea of what those numbers mean to a human being eating the plant. Considerably less than the 10,000+ mg/kg seen in other plants, thankfully.
[1] https://web.archive.org/web/20110224034628/http://www.civil....
[2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221171562...
There's nicotine in French fries and ketchup, eggplants and cauliflower, for example.
CDC 1993
Always thought, and got reassured through a study a few years ago about plants that genetically adapted to otherwise toxic amounts of nickel in rainforest areas (linked on HN), that this could be a way to extract minerals in a future more slowed down and sustainable utopian society.
Also really interesting are ways to detox soils through plants. Unfortunately, a local pioneer project for extracting industrial contamination, and than making biogas from the plants, was stopped, because it was just cost covering but not really creating monetary profit. A sad example of, how shortsighted the instant profit capitalism will act, if longterm effects are not integrated into the equation through regulations.
But what to expect from a species that puts great effort into spreading cultivation of seedless wine grapes, just to realize that grapeseeds have live prolonging effects. ; )
As a side note, the Haber Process [1] was the industrial version of this and all of the preceding points, if not phytomining per se, feel very similar.
0 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Carver
1 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process