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Posted by u/proberts 5 years ago
I’m Peter Roberts, immigration attorney who does work for YC and startups. AMA
Time for another AMA. Previous threads we've done: https://news.ycombinator.com/submitted?id=proberts.

I'll be here for the next 5 hours. As usual, there are countless possible immigration-related topics and I'll try to respond to whatever questions you ask but as much as possible I'd like to focus on issues related to the pandemic and the corresponding travel and visa bans and suspensions, office closures, etc. Please remember that I can't provide legal advice on specific cases for obvious liability reasons because I won't have access to all the facts. Please stick to a factual discussion in your questions and comments and I'll try to do the same in my answers!

proberts · 5 years ago
I'm signing off now but I'll be checking in again tomorrow morning and responding to anything I've missed or any new questions/comments. If you posted something and I missed it, please re-post. Thanks.
augustus0 · 5 years ago
Hi Peter,

I work for a large tech company that has recently announced internally that they will be putting all PERM filings on pause indefinitely. The reasons cited are:

— The 10-day in-house job posting is of dubious quality now because there is no one at the office to to see it (it's closed and empty because of Covid), and they believe the Department of Labor may notice this and refuse applications.

— Because of the current administration's outlook on immigration, they're worried that more filings will be audited/rejected, which could lead to more oversight on future filings for the company, making things more difficult.

They said a number of times that pausing all PERMs is a proactive measure — there have been no issues so far, but they want to make sure there never are any.

The basic premises seem to make sense, but it puts all of us running through the process in a difficult position. They wouldn't give any timeline for how long such a pause would last, but reading between the lines with office closures, it seems that it would last at least all of 2020, and probably well into 2021.

My question: Is what my company doing reasonable, or is it more of a situation where they're adopting a very conservative stance to reduce their own risk down to zero, even at the cost of putting all its employees into immigration limbo?

Thanks!

proberts · 5 years ago
Really both. First, your company can post the notice of filing electronically so that's not a real issue. But yes, there's a chance that PERM filing will be scrutinized more closely and audited and denied with greater frequency. But that hasn't happened yet so I guess in the end I don't buy that approach. I just don't think it makes sense to base decisions on things that might happen.
esalman · 5 years ago
> PERM filing will be scrutinized more closely and audited and denied with greater frequency. But that hasn't happened yet

Interesting to see you think that way.

My wife recently got her PERM application denied. The reasoning was that the in-house job posting did not include the salary for the position. We think it was a clerical mistake on part of the company attorney and we are trying to move on by looking at other options.

However, last year her colleague obtained PERM with the same job posting template. It gave us the impression that indeed the PERM filings are being scrutinized and denied with greater frequency.

bozzcl · 5 years ago
Hi Peter,

I asked my company if there was any electronic alternative for the NOF and they insisted there wasn't. Do you have any sources I could use to prove this to them? I tried searching something myself but I couldn't find anything concrete.

winter_blue · 5 years ago
I have this very same question. My company announced something similar – that they wouldn't even be doing PERM recruiting because of the posting requirement, and the risk of getting in trouble with DOL. I too work for a large tech company.
IWantOut_ · 5 years ago
I have a job offer from Microsoft in Vancouver and might move there after the pandemic ends. I am Indian citizen residing in India. The main challenge however is that I am disabled (quadriplegic) and I would be needing a caregiver to travel with me to Canada. I understand that there used to be a caregiver visa, for Canada, which was discontinued back in 2019.

So my question really is, is there a way in which I can bring a caregiver from India to Canada? I know one option is to hire a caregiver from Vancouver itself but it's really going to be difficult, because of the language barriers and the understandings. They are an important part of my life and I cannot function without someone who I can completely trust to live-in with.

Another option would be to take the caregiver along with me on a visitor or tourist visa, but in that scenario, they are not allowed to work in Canada.

I am really looking for solutions here and I don't want to give up on this amazing opportunity of migrating to one of the most amazing countries in the world with high standard and quality of life.

proberts · 5 years ago
I can't comment on Canadian immigration but I can share the names of some good providers in Canada if you'd like. Just email me.
IWantOut_ · 5 years ago
Sure, that will be great. How to email you?
frandroid · 5 years ago
Vancouver being a much younger city is more accessible than the average North America city for wheelchair users, starting with the entirety of the Skytrain system... But you probably already know that. :) Good luck!
IWantOut_ · 5 years ago
Yes, I'm aware of that and really excited! Although, after having lived in India for so long, I don't really mind the absence of accessibility (life in permanent hard mode here for wheelchair users), and it's not a key driving factor for me.
shecky · 5 years ago
There is a significant Indian population in Vancouver - both immigrant and several generations of post-immigration (White Rock, etc.) so if ultimately you must find a caregiver there I wouldn't expect language to prove problematic. Good luck.
alexhektor · 5 years ago
German citizen here.

Q1) What is (/are) the easiest path(s) to start a company in the US and/or seek funding there for Europeans? How costly is it?

Q2) If there's already a company registered in Germany for example, how costly (approximately) is the process to "register a subsidiary" in the US (required for YC), and how would the visas work? (Would spouses be allowed and be able to get a working permit?)

proberts · 5 years ago
Q1) For entrepreneurs/founders, the best visas are E-1s, E-2s, L-1s, and O-1s. Q2) You are alluding to the L-1 intracompany transferee visa but to work, the Germany company must have employees and be doing business and must continue to have employees and do business after the transfer.
tschellenbach · 5 years ago
Just a quick note that you will also have many tax issues in addition to the VISA difficulties. I recommend also getting one fo the top tax firms to have a look at your situation before you move. (I didn't and it was a very expensive mistake to make)
thewarpaint · 5 years ago
Hallo! You may want to check Stripe Atlas out: form a C Corp in Delaware for $500 plus some ongoing costs.

Disclaimer: I work at Stripe.

bitL · 5 years ago
Q1) starting a LLC in Delaware/Nevada <$200, renting a P.O.Box that scans incoming mail <$100/year. You can't start an S-Corp (but you can tax a LLC as S-Corp) and starting a C-Corp can get very expensive (tax based on the number of shares). Most VCs require a C-Corp. Angels might be fine with an LLC.
TameAntelope · 5 years ago
I've always thought converting an LLC to a C-Corp is either not possible or prohibitively expensive, even for a growing startup. Is that the case?

Also Nevada? That's new to me!

pbhjpbhj · 5 years ago
Do you have to pay tax in USA though?
dkochmex · 5 years ago
Hey Peter,

Thank you so much for doing this!

Im a German citizen living in Mexico. Since I have been to Iran I no longer qualify for ESTA and had to apply for a visa at the embassy here in Mexico City to visit the USA. My visa has been in processing for 2y now and I have not received any response other than "still in processing, we will be in touch". What do you recommend? Is there anything I can do to accelerate this? Or withdraw the application and apply from Germany?

Thanks a lot!!

rwmj · 5 years ago
My ESTA was revoked (unilaterally and with no reason ever given). I waited on a B1/B2 in Administrative Processing for basically 12 months - all of 2019.

It's a frustrating process because there is literally no information available when the application enters this state, although my suspicion is that this is because nothing is being done.

Anyway it might have been longer but eventually the company's legal team collected statements from all the people this had happened to and they were submitted to one of the US Senators in the state where the company is based. My visa was issued shortly afterwards.

Not sure what message you can take from this except perhaps that the whole system is crazy (arguably even corrupt?)

(To head off the first question: No I don't have any criminal record, and there is no reason anyone has come up with as to why the ESTA was revoked.)

proberts · 5 years ago
I've seen such delays. Unfortunately, there's very little that can be done but as a first/next step, I would ask a Congressional office for assistance/to inquire with the Consulate.
dkochmex · 5 years ago
Thank you!
brummm · 5 years ago
Never heard about not being eligible for ESTA after having travelled to Iran. WTF? What kind of weird rule is that?
dlgeek · 5 years ago
From https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/tourism-...:

"Under the Visa Waiver Program Improvement and Terrorist Travel Prevention Act of 2015, travelers in the following categories must obtain a visa prior to traveling to the United States as they are no longer eligible to travel under the Visa Waiver Program (VWP):

Nationals of VWP countries who have traveled to or been present in Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, or Yemen on or after March 1, 2011 (with limited exceptions for travel for diplomatic or military purposes in the service of a VWP country). Nationals of VWP countries who are also nationals of Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Iran, Iraq, Sudan, or Syria."

sherlock_h · 5 years ago
Yup. This was enacted in 2016: https://de.usembassy.gov/more-information-on-visa-waiver-pro...

You have to travel on a B1/B2 visa if you were in Iran/Iraq/Syria after 2011. I was affected by this but in the end it's more of a admin headache than anything else. The B1/B2 visa are pretty easy and are valid for 10 years.

C1sc0cat · 5 years ago
And you did not use the two passports trick - common if you are Woking in the middle east ?
Fazel94 · 5 years ago
It is called Muslim Ban
proberts · 5 years ago
I'll be taking a break now for about an hour. Anything I can't respond to today I'll respond to over the weekend. Thanks.
ra7 · 5 years ago
Is it risky to change jobs on H1B with an I-140 approved right now? Both in terms of H1B transfer and especially a new PERM filing since a lot of Americans are out of jobs right now. Have you noticed or do you anticipate PERM filings being difficult?

Thanks for doing this, Peter!

proberts · 5 years ago
To date, because of the pandemic and job loss, I haven't seen any change in H-1B or PERM processing (and in fact I would argue both have improved in recent months) but it's possible - even likely - that PERM processing will be impacted because of the job loss.
ra7 · 5 years ago
If I changed jobs and transfer went through, I’m still able to get an H1B extension with an already approved I-140 even if the new PERM filing is impacted, yes?

Thanks again!

proberts · 5 years ago
I can see that I am getting a lot of questions about options to move to the U.S. The answer is going to be very fact-specific - tied to your background/achievements. If you would like me to assess your options, please email me your CV.