The situation in the EU is the exact opposite. As any company can be compelled to disclose electronic records, and all recruitment is done that way now, good companies get ahead of GDPR requests by proactively providing feedback.
Source: recent experience on both sides of the table. Location: South Wales.
So this is what Snowden has done: he "drew widespread attention to these tactics". Before Snowden they would call you "paranoid" if you would allow yourself to mention it. Today they can not call you paranoid anymore.
And yes, it has hurt US industry reputation. Many don't trust Intel processors and Cisco routers anymore (among other products). They actually destroyed computers and internet as we knew them in the 1990'ies. It is not fun anymore to own a computer or a phone if you know that NSA can get access to it anytime they want... and you will never know if they accessed it...
In fairness, my lack of trust for Cisco products pre-dated the Snowden revelations, and were based on the products themselves.
Nothing I've seen since has caused me to change my opinion.
https://hub.packtpub.com/cisco-merely-blacklisted-a-curl-ins...